Strep throat is a bacterial infection caused by group A Streptococcus that inflames the throat, causing severe pain, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. Unlike viral infections like the common cold, strep throat requires antibiotics for treatment.
The bacteria enter the body through the mouth or nose, then multiply in the throat. The immune system responds by sending white blood cells, creating inflammation and the signature sore throat. Symptoms typically appear 2-5 days after exposure.
Strep throat primarily affects children ages 5-15 but can occur at any age. Common symptoms include:
Some patients develop a rash or vomiting, especially children. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that strep throat rarely causes a runny nose, cough, or hoarseness-symptoms more typical of a viral infection.
Doctors diagnose strep throat using a rapid antigen test or throat culture. Antibiotics like penicillin or amoxicillin treat the infection. Patients usually feel better within 1-3 days of starting antibiotics but should complete the full course to prevent complications like rheumatic fever or kidney inflammation.
Many people confuse strep throat with a common cold or viral pharyngitis. Unlike viral infections, strep throat:
Another myth is that strep throat always causes visible white patches. While common, some cases show only redness and swelling.
Strep throat spreads through respiratory droplets. To reduce risk:
I once had strep throat as an adult. The sudden, severe pain and high fever were unlike any cold I'd experienced. Antibiotics helped within 24 hours, but I was contagious until treatment began.