The West Bank is a landlocked territory in the Middle East, captured by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War and still under Israeli military control. It forms part of the Palestinian territories alongside the Gaza Strip.
The West Bank covers about 5,800 square kilometers (2,200 sq mi) between Israel to the west and Jordan to the east. Around 2.8 million Palestinians live there, along with about 400,000 Israeli settlers in 140 settlements, which are considered illegal under international law but are supported by Israeli domestic law.
Before 1967, the West Bank was part of Jordan following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. After Israel's victory in the Six-Day War, it took control of the territory. The Oslo Accords in the 1990s divided the West Bank into Areas A, B, and C, with varying levels of Palestinian self-rule. Area C, covering about 60% of the West Bank, remains under full Israeli control.
The West Bank's status is a major point of contention in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Palestinians claim it as part of a future independent state, while some Israeli groups advocate annexation. The United Nations considers the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, as "occupied Palestinian territory."
| Palestinian Cities | Israeli Settlements |
|---|---|
| Ramallah | Ariel |
| Nablus | Maale Adumim |
| Hebron | Beitar Illit |
Palestinians in the West Bank face restrictions on movement, including checkpoints and a separation barrier Israel began building in 2002. The barrier's route has been criticized for encroaching on Palestinian land. Access to resources like water is also limited, with Israeli settlers often receiving preferential treatment.
Despite these challenges, the West Bank has a growing tech sector and cultural scene. Cities like Ramallah host vibrant cafes, restaurants, and arts venues. However, economic growth is hampered by Israeli restrictions and political instability.
The European Union supports a two-state solution and funds Palestinian institutions. The U.S. has historically been a key mediator, though its stance shifted under Trump, who recognized Jerusalem as Israel's capital and supported settlement expansion. The Biden administration has sought to reengage with Palestinian leaders but faces significant obstacles.
The United Nations has repeatedly condemned Israeli settlement expansion, with the International Court of Justice ruling in 2004 that the settlements violate international law. However, Israel has continued building, citing historical and security claims.