Altitude sickness occurs when ascending too quickly to elevations above 8,000 feet (2,438 meters), causing headaches, nausea, and fatigue. To prevent and manage it, ascend gradually, stay hydrated, avoid alcohol, and recognize symptoms early.
Altitude sickness happens when your body struggles to adapt to lower oxygen levels at high elevations. The condition ranges -threatening, with symptoms appearing within hours of reaching altitude. The most common form, acute mountain sickness (AMS), includes headaches, dizziness, and vomiting. Severe cases can lead to high-altitude pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs) or cerebral edema (swelling in the brain).
The three primary forms of altitude sickness are:
Altitude sickness can happen anywhere above 8,000 feet, including popular destinations like Mount Everest base camp, ski resorts, and high-altitude cities like La Paz, Bolivia. It occurs because the air pressure drops as elevation increases, reducing the amount of oxygen available for your body to use. This forces your body to work harder to function normally, which can lead to symptoms if the change happens too quickly.
Many people think altitude sickness only affects hikers and climbers, but it can also impact travelers flying into high-altitude cities or even skiers at mountain resorts. Another myth is that young, healthy individuals are immune; in reality, anyone can develop altitude sickness regardless of fitness level. A study published in the journal Wild Environments Medicine found that 25% of trekkers in Nepal experienced AMS.
To prevent altitude sickness, ascend gradually, allowing your body time to adjust. For example, if hiking to Machu Picchu via the Inca Trail, spend a night at 10,000 feet before going higher. Stay hydrated by drinking at least 3-4 liters of water daily and avoid alcohol, which can worsen dehydration. If symptoms appear, descend immediately to a lower altitude. Medications like acetazolamide can help prevent AMS, but consult a doctor before use.
If you experience severe symptoms like confusion or difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately. In remote areas, portable hyperbaric chambers can simulate lower altitudes until medical help arrives. Always inform someone of your plans and carry emergency contact information.