A paralegal is a legal professional who assists attorneys by preparing legal documents, conducting research, and organizing case files. To become a paralegal, you typically need a combination of education, specific skills, and sometimes certification.
Most paralegals have some form of postsecondary education. While there are no universal standards, many employers prefer candidates with an associate's or bachelor's degree in paralegal studies or a related field. Some paralegals earn a certificate in paralegal studies after completing a two-year degree in another field.
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, about 66% of paralegals had a postsecondary award in 2022. These programs often include coursework in legal research, legal writing, and specific areas of law such as criminal law, family law, or corporate law.
Paralegals need a mix of technical and soft skills to perform their duties effectively. Technical skills include proficiency in legal software, document management systems, and basic accounting principles. Soft skills are equally important and include strong written and verbal communication, attention to detail, and organizational abilities.
For example, a paralegal might spend part of their day drafting legal correspondence, reviewing contracts for accuracy, and maintaining client files. The ability to communicate with clients and legal professionals is important. Paralegals often work under tight deadlines, so time management and multitasking are essential.
While certification is not always required, it can improve job prospects. The National Association of Legal Assistants (NALA) offers the Certified Paralegal (CP) credential, which requires passing an exam. Other organizations, such as the National Federation of Paralegal Associations (NFPA), offer similar certifications.
Some states have specific licensing requirements for paralegals, particularly those who work in specialized areas like real estate or immigration law. However, most states do not require paralegals to be licensed. Employers may prefer hiring certified paralegals because it demonstrates a commitment to the profession and a higher level of competency.
Gaining practical experience through internships or entry-level positions can be invaluable. Many paralegal programs include internship opportunities, allowing students to work in law firms, government agencies, or corporate legal departments while still in school. This hands-on experience helps new graduates stand out to potential employers.
For instance, a paralegal student might complete an internship at a law firm, where they assist with case preparation, file organization, and client communication. This real-world experience provides a deeper understanding of the legal process and the day-to-day responsibilities of a paralegal.
Continuing education is important for paralegals to stay current with changes in laws and regulations. Many professional organizations offer ongoing training and workshops to help paralegals maintain their skills and advance their careers.
In my experience, paralegals who combine formal education with practical experience and certification are well-positioned for long-term success in the legal field. Their expertise supports attorneys and helps legal processes run smoothly.