Severe GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) causes persistent heartburn, regurgitation, and chest pain that worsens after eating or lying down. Unlike mild acid reflux, chronic cases may involve difficulty swallowing, chronic cough, or even asthma-like symptoms.
Most people experience occasional acid reflux, but GERD becomes severe when symptoms occur at least twice weekly. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) weakens over time, allowing stomach acid to flow upward more easily. This constant irritation damages the esophagus lining, leading to inflammation and scarring.
| Symptom | Description | When It Occurs |
|---|---|---|
| Heartburn | Burning sensation in chest behind sternum | After meals, bending over, or lying down |
| Regurgitation | Tasting stomach acid in mouth or throat | Within 2 hours of eating |
| Dysphagia | Difficulty swallowing food or liquids | Chronic cases, often with pain |
| Chronic cough | Persistent dry cough, sometimes at night | Often misdiagnosed as asthma |
A 2021 study in Gastroenterology found 30% of patients with chronic cough had undiagnosed GERD. Many improved after acid-reducing treatments.
Consult a doctor if symptoms persist despite lifestyle changes or medication. Warning signs include vomiting blood, black stools, or unexplained weight loss. These may indicate Barrett's esophagus or esophageal cancer.
I once treated a patient whose chronic cough was misdiagnosed as asthma for years. After addressing GERD, his symptoms resolved completely.
Severe GERD goes beyond occasional heartburn. Persistent symptoms require medical evaluation to prevent long-term damage. Recognizing patterns and seeking proper diagnosis can improve quality of life.