A frequent yeast infection in women is typically caused by an overgrowth of the fungus Candida albicans, which naturally lives in small amounts in the vagina. When conditions change, this fungus can multiply, leading to symptoms like itching, burning, and discharge.
Yeast infections occur when the balance of microorganisms in the vagina is disrupted. Normally, beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus keep Candida levels in check. However, certain factors can tip this balance, allowing Candida to overgrow.
The most common culprit is Candida albicans, responsible for about 85-90% of infections. Other species, such as Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis, can also cause infections and may be more resistant to treatment.
Antibiotics are a leading cause, as they kill both harmful and beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus. Without these bacteria, Candida can grow unchecked. Other contributing factors include:
Many believe poor hygiene causes yeast infections, but this is not true. Overwashing or using harsh soaps can actually disrupt the natural balance of bacteria and increase the risk. Similarly, while douching is sometimes thought to prevent infections, it can actually introduce harmful bacteria and worsen the problem.
To reduce the risk of frequent infections, maintain good vaginal health by wearing loose, breathable clothing, avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use, and managing underlying conditions like diabetes. Probiotics containing Lactobacillus strains may also help restore balance.
For persistent or severe infections, consult a healthcare provider. Some women may require longer courses of antifungal medication or further testing to identify underlying causes.
For more on how similar infections develop, see what causes a yeast infection.