Early-stage melanoma typically appears as an irregular mole or growth on the skin, often with asymmetrical shapes, uneven borders, and varying colors. The American Cancer Society estimates that about 97,610 new cases of melanoma will be diagnosed in the U.S. in 2023.
Melanoma begins in melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment in the skin. In its earliest form, melanoma may look like a new spot or an existing mole that changes size, shape, or color. Unlike common moles, which are usually round and symmetrical, early melanoma spots often have irregular borders and uneven coloring.
There are several types of melanoma, each with distinct characteristics:
| Type | Description | Common Location |
|---|---|---|
| Superficial spreading melanoma | The most common type, often asymmetrical with uneven borders and varying colors. | Trunk, legs, arms |
| Lentigo maligna melanoma | Flat, brownish patch with uneven edges, often appearing on sun-damaged skin. | Face, neck, arms |
| Acral lentiginous melanoma | Occurs on palms, soles, or under nails, often as a streak or dark spot. | Hands, feet |
| Nodular melanoma | Raised, firm bump that may be black, brown, red, or flesh-colored. | Anywhere on the body |
Melanoma can develop anywhere on the skin, including areas not exposed to the sun. However, it is most common on parts of the body that receive frequent sun exposure, such as the back, chest, legs, and face. Risk factors include excessive UV exposure, fair skin, a history of sunburns, and a family history of melanoma.
Melanoma is often confused with other skin conditions, such as atypical moles or freckles. However, unlike benign moles, melanoma spots tend to grow larger and change over time. A common misconception is that all melanomas are dark or black; some can be red, pink, or even skin-colored.
In 2022, a patient noticed a new mole on their back that was asymmetrical and had uneven borders. The mole also had varying shades of brown and black. The patient consulted a dermatologist, who performed a biopsy and confirmed it as early-stage melanoma. Early detection allowed for successful treatment.
Understanding what melanoma looks like in its early stages is important for early detection and treatment. Regular skin checks and awareness of changes in your skin can save lives.