Blood in your urine, called hematuria, happens when red blood cells leak into your urinary tract. It can turn your pee pink, red, or brown. You may or may not see visible blood, but microscopic amounts can still be detected.
Your kidneys filter waste from your blood to make urine. Normally, red blood cells stay in your bloodstream. But injury, infection, or disease can damage blood vessels, letting cells slip into your urine. The color depends on how much blood is present and how long it's been there.
The most common causes of blood in urine are:
See a doctor immediately if you notice:
These symptoms could signal a serious condition, like kidney stones or infection. If you're over 40 and have unexplained blood in your urine, your doctor may test for cancer.
Many people think blood in urine always means cancer. While it's a risk factor, most cases are caused by less serious issues like UTIs or kidney stones. Some foods, like beets or berries, can also turn urine red but won't contain actual blood.
Another myth is that blood in urine is always painful. In reality, you might not feel anything at all. That's why it's important to get checked even if you don't have other symptoms.
If you find blood in your urine, your doctor will likely ask about your medical history and perform a physical exam. Tests may include:
Treatment depends on the cause. UTIs need antibiotics, while kidney stones may pass on their own or require surgery. Cancer treatment varies by type and stage.
If you're concerned about blood in your urine, especially if it keeps happening, talk to your doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and improve outcomes.